The People of the Third Aliyah
Yitzhak Sadeh
(1890-1952)
Yitzhak Sadeh (Landoberg), who was nicknamed “the old man”, was a general in the IDF, a commander, a leader, an educator and a writer. He was one of the leaders of the Gdud HaAvoda and he was a member of the underground kibbutz. He was one of the Haganah’s founders, a founder of the Palmach and its first commander. He was one of the people who laid the foundation for the IDF and for Israel’s independence.
“A Russian soldier bears a Russian rifle; an English soldier bears an English rifle. Friends, who will bear a Hebrew rifle?” These words were spoken by Yitzhak Sadeh following the mass enlistment of Palmach soldiers to the British army in order to fight the Nazis.”
Joseph Trumpeldor
(1880-1920)
He was the first Jewish officer in the Russian army and he served in the Russia-Japan War in 1905. There he was injured and his arm was amputated.He came to Israel in 1912 and worked as a farmer. In World War I, he refused to accept Ottoman citizenship and was exiled to Alexandria, Egypt. He, together with Ze’ev Jabotinsky and others, founded the Gdud HaIvri during World War I. He took part in the Gallipoli Campaign as the second in command of the “Zion Mule Corps”. After the war, he returned to Russia where he was one of the founders of Hahalutz. In 1919, he returned to the Land of Israel. He was killed in the Battle of Tel Hai on March1, 1920.
“I believe the day will come, I will be tired and exhausted; I will look on my fields happily, in my land. And no one will say to me, “Go, despicable one; you don’t belong in this land. And if someone says that to me, I will defend my fields and my rights with my sword. And if I die in battle, I will be happy. I will know what I died for.”
A letter that he wrote to his brother. Shmuel 1911
Ze’ev Jabotinsky
(1880-1940)
“Everything that is Hebrew in us was given to us by Eretz Israel; everything else in us is not Hebrew. Israel and Eretz Israel are one; there we were born as a nation and there we matured. And when the storm came and threw us out of HaEretz, we could no longer grow, just as an uprooted tree cannot grow. And all our lives were dedicated to preserving our uniqueness which was created in Eretz Israel.”
Zionism and Eretz Israel 1904
Henrietta Szold
(1860-1945)
In 1920, she came to Israel on aliyah to coordinate the Zionist Health and Education Department. She founded the first school for nurses in Eretz Israel. In addition, she established Hadassah public clinics all over the country, establishing the basis for a health care network in Israel. Szold was the chairwoman of the Hebrew Women’s Organization. In 1931 she was chosen as the representative of The Union of Hebrew Women for Equal Rights to the third Assembly of Representatives. She also served as the head of the social worker services under the management of the Jewish National Council. One of her organizational decisions was to establish a Welfare Department (which today is known as The Department of Social Services), with offices all over the country. All of the Department’s social workers received professional supervision. By the time she died, 50 welfare offices had been established in the Yishuv. Szold’s actions and decision laid the groundwork for the principle of a welfare state in Israel. In 1932, after the Jewish Agency approved the idea of Youth Aliyah, which was the brainchild of Recha Freier, Szold was appointed head of the body. She served in this position until her death and was known as the “Mother of Youth Aliyah”. In this role she was responsible for the absorption of children and who came to Israel after the rise of Nazism in Germany, including the “Teheran Children”. She was responsible for placing them in suitable frameworks, an issue which caused a public debate. Szold decided that the children over 14 would have the right to choose which framework they wanted. Szold met with each of 400 of the younger children in order to clarify whether or not they came from religious homes in Poland so she could be certain she wasn’t causing them harm by sending them to an inappropriate school.
Rav Yesha’ayahu Shapira
(1891-1943)
The essence of the movement’s ideology can be found in Kol Koreh, which he wrote together with other rabbis.